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| Book cover | Autor | Title | Description |
| Bild | Autor | Leer | Beschreibung |
| Date | Event | Tribe | Chief |
| Autumn 1838 | Birth of Crazy Horse. The exact year of birth is not known, but his comrade He Dog said in an interview that he was born in the same year as him. He Dog said this in 1930 at the age of 92. The birthplace was probably somewhere east of the Black Hills in the Cheyenne River area.  | Oglala (Lakota) | Crazy Horse |
| Middle of December 1866 | Red Cloud had gathered an estimated 4,000 warriors along the Tongue River at this time to fight the soldiers along the Bozeman Trail. Crow Indians reported that the tents stretched for more than 40 miles along the Tongue River. | Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Northern Arapaho (Arapaho) Northern Arapaho (Arapaho) Miniconjou (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) | Roman Nose Dull Knife Red Cloud Crazy Horse Little Chief Sorrel Horse Black Shield Rain-in-the-face |
21 December 1866  | Captain William Judd Fetterman and 5 companies were ambushed by about 2000 Lakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho and were killed along with his entire command of 81 soldiers. 10 decoys (2 Cheyenne, 8 Lakota) under the command of Crazy Horse lured the soldiers into the valley of Peno Creek, about 2 miles from Fort Phil Kearny. No soldier escaped with his life. The Lakota decoys were American Horse, Young Men Afraid Of His Horses, He Dog, Little Hawk (Crazy Horse's younger brother) and Big Nose and Bird Ash of the Cheyenne). . 10:00 a.m.: Lt. Wands, under orders from Col. Carrington, leads a logging train of 10 soldiers from Company E under Seargent Legrow to 'Piney Island' southwest of the fort. 10:50 a.m.: The sentries on Sullivant Hill signal with flags that the logging train is being attacked by a large number of Indians. 11:15 a.m.: On Colonel Carrington's orders, Captain Fetterman leaves the fort with Company A and parts of Company C of the 18th Infantry (infantry soldiers with old Springfield Muzzle Loaders). The order was to free the logging train and return to the fort. Under no circumstances were the Indians to be pursued further than Lodge Trail Ridge. 11.30 a.m.: Lieutenant George Grummond followed Fetterman with 25 cavalrymen and two civilians, James Wheatley and Issac Fisher. A little later, the doctor followed the soldiers. Grummont caught up with the infantry southwest of Sullivant Hill, where the Big Piney had to be crossed. From then on, the two units rode on together. Shortly before 12:00 noon: Fetterman rode toward Lodge Tail Ridge. The infantry was in the center, Lt. Grummond with the cavalry on the flanks and in front of the infantry. Fetterman saw Indians riding back and forth on the steep slopes, swinging blankets to scare the soldiers' horses. The infantry fired, the Indians fled out of range, but kept coming back. When Fetterman was at the top, he saw the small group of Indians that Carrington had fired at with the howitzer earlier. They joined the decoys. The decoys later included such famous chiefs as Crazy Horse, Dull Knife, Black Shield, Big Nose and White Bull.  | Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Oglala (Lakota) Cheyenne Northern Arapaho (Arapaho) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Big Nose Red Cloud Medicine Man Little Chief Black Shield Hump Crazy Horse Young Man Afraid of his Horses He Dog |
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| Monument at the Fetterman Battlefield in northeastern Wyoming. Source: Daniel Thomet 2009. | |||
| 21 December 1866 | 12:00 p.m.: Fetterman was still standing on Lodge Trail Ridge as ordered by Carrington. The infantry fired on order at the Indians on the Bozeman Road. Now the Indians who had earlier ambushed the wagon train appeared in Fetterman's rear at the base of Lodge Trail Ridge and rode toward Fetterman. Fetterman could have decided to ride down to the Bozeman Trail, kill as many Indians as possible and then return to the fort. But things turned out differently. 11:35 a.m.: The guards on Sullivant Hill signal with their flags that the wagon train is no longer under attack. 11:40: Carrington had the howitzers fire on about 50 Indians at the point where Big Piney Creek crosses the Bozeman Road. The Indians then rode up the slopes of Lodge Trail Ridge. Shortly after noon: Fetterman ordered the infantry and cavalry to ride down to the Bozeman Trail. From here, however, Fetterman turned west against Colonel Carrington's orders, following the Bozeman Road and riding into the valley of Peno Creek. Massacre Hill lay to his right. 12:10 The decoys crossed Peno Creek at the end of Massacre Hill, followed by Grummond's cavalry. The infantry followed at a run. After the decoys crossed Peno Creek, they split into two groups, rode away from each other and then back to Peno Creek. This was the signal to attack. West of Massacre Hill, the mounted Cheyenne rode toward the soldiers. The Oglala advanced on foot. Fetterman's commands must have been barely audible over the clamor of the Indians. Grummond stopped his cavalry and Fetterman was able to catch up a little. Nevertheless, infantry and cavalry were separated during the first attack. After about 15 minutes, the infantrymen could barely hold their position and ammunition was running low. Some men left the position and tried to make their way to the cavalry. Shortly afterwards, the position of the two civilians and the six infantrymen collapsed. They fought to the end with rifle butts, bayonets and knives until the last man was dead. The rest of the cavalry now tried to reach the hill and probably wanted to flee over the hill towards the fort. To their horror, however, they saw that many Indians were coming up from the other side of Massacre Hill! Once on the hill, the soldiers lined up like infantry behind small, flat boulders for defense. 12:40 At this point, Carrington sent more reinforcements from the fort. The Indian scouts saw this and reported it to their chiefs. Fetterman's infantry took cover between a flat rock formation, the cavalry was about 100 meters away. The cavalry was by this time without Lt. Grummond, who had probably been killed right at the start of the fight. With the cavalry, still down on the Bozeman Road, civilians Wheatley and Fisher were fighting the attacking Indians with 5 or 6 soldiers. The Indians launched a final attack on the inexperienced cavalrymen. At 12:50 the battle was over. One of the last soldiers to die was the trumpeter Metzger, who had fought to the end with his battered trumpet and died with 12 wounds to his body. Most of the soldiers died from arrows, as the Indians were hardly armed with rifles at this time. 12:45: Captain Ten Eck crossed Big Piney Creek with his 75 soldiers and reached a hill on the right side of Bozeman Road. From here he rode towards Peno Creek. 12:50: Captain Ten Eyck and his soldiers reach a hill east of Massacre Hill and can see down into the valley. The Indians try to lure Ten Eyck down, but he waits and sends a dispatcher to Carrington. 13:05: The dispatch rider Soldier Sample reaches the fort. Captain Ten Eyck calls for reinforcements again. Carrington wrote him a message and referred to the 40 soldiers who had been sent on the march shortly before with the ambulance and 3,000 rounds of ammunition. Soldier Sample rode back to Ten Eyck and arrived about the time the Indians began to leave the valley. Shortly afterwards, Ten Eyck's men saw the dead soldiers lying in the snow for the first time. Carrington himself remained in the fort, as about 3/4 of his soldiers were already in the field. He feared an attack by the Indians on the empty fort. By the evening of December 21, around 49 dead soldiers had been brought into the fort on wagons, the remaining 32 soldiers, mainly cavalrymen, not until the next day. The lumberjack platoon on Pine Island had heard nothing of the battle at Fettermann; they were too far away to hear the noise of battle. After this victory, Red Cloud was at the height of his power, even if he himself was not present. But he was the organizer and brought the tribes together at the Tongue River. Apart from the Battle of Little Big Horn in 1876, the Battle of Fetterman was the only battle fought by the US Army against the Indians from which no soldier returned alive. The losses suffered by the Indians must have been considerable. Estimates vary widely, but one can assume around 60 or more dead and around 300 wounded, of whom an estimated 100 died later. White Elk, a Cheyenne, kept repeating that this battle claimed more lives than the Battle of Little Big Horn. The night after the battle, Colonel Carrington sent a volunteer dispatch rider to Fort Laramie to inform his superiors of the disaster and again request reinforcements, rifles and rations. Portugee Phillips rode 236 miles through snowstorms. He rode only at night. In the late morning of December 24, he reached the telegraph station 'Horseshoe Station', where a telegram was sent to Fort Laramie. The telegram never arrived! Portugee Phillips then rode another 40 miles to Fort Laramie. It arrived at the fort between 11 p.m. and midnight. Carrington's message was immediately forwarded to Omaha, the headquarters of his superior, General George Crook. From then on, news of the defeat spread very quickly and soon ended up in the newspapers. | Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Oglala (Lakota) Cheyenne Northern Arapaho (Arapaho) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Big Nose Red Cloud Medicine Man Little Chief Black Shield Hump Crazy Horse Young Man Afraid of his Horses He Dog |
| 22 July 1867 | 9 days before the Battle of Hayfield, new Breech-Loading Springfield rifles arrived at Fort C.F. Smith. The new rifles made a decisive contribution to the success of the soldiers in the coming attacks by the Lakota and Cheyenne. | Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Red Cloud Crazy Horse High Back-Bone Little Wolf |
| End of July 1867 | After the end of the Sun Dance ceremonies, the Lakota and Cheyenne decided to attack the forts on the Bozeman Trail again. Fort C.F. Smith was to be attacked by Cheyenne warriors under High Back-Bone. Fort Phil Kearny was to be attacked by Crazy Horse. | Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Red Cloud Crazy Horse High Back-Bone |
| 31 July 1867 | Company A of the 27th U.S. Infantry, guarding the civilian hay workers and loggers of Fort Phil Kearny, was relieved by Company C of the 27th U.S. Infantry under Captain James Powell. Powell brought 51 soldiers and rations for 10 days. Each soldier had 150 rounds of ammunition. 13 soldiers and one officer guarded the timber transports from the loggers to the fort and back. Of this squad, 8 soldiers and the officer guarded the loggers themselves, while the remaining 4 soldiers guarded the 'side camp', a log cabin used for defense and storage. This left Captain Powell with 24 soldiers, which he positioned at the location of the 13 oval wagon boxes. . | Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Red Cloud Crazy Horse High Back-Bone Little Wolf |
| 1 August 1867 | Warriors of the Oglala under Crazy Horse, Miniconjou under High Back-Bone, Sans Arc and about 60 Cheyenne under Little Wolf camped in the area of Fort Phil Kearny and prepared for an attack. A total of about 1000 warriors were assembled. | Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Red Cloud Crazy Horse High Back-Bone Little Wolf |
2 August 1867  | On the morning of August 2, two white hunters near Fort Phil Kearny spotted Oglala, Miniconjou, Sans Arc and Cheyenne ready to attack. Shortly after the two hunters sounded the alarm at the wagon camp, the Indians attacked the loggers and the 'side camp'. 200 Indians attacked and drove off the civilians guarding the cattle herd at 9 a.m. 500 Indians attacked the wagon camp with the loaded lumber, drove off the men and set the wagon camp on fire. The first attack on the wagon train probably came from the southwest. Due to the surprisingly constant and strong fire for the Indians because of the new rifles, they soon had to retreat behind a hill about 600 meters away. There the warriors got rid of all superfluous equipment and clothing and prepared for the next attack. Before the second attack began, the Indians collected their dead and wounded. The second attack took place on the east-southwest line at an angle of about 180 degrees. The Indians managed to kill an officer and two soldiers by snipers behind a hill in the northwest. But again the soldiers fired a constant and deadly barrage into the ranks of the Indians, most of whom were attacking on horseback. Many soldiers fired so long and so intensely that the barrels of their rifles began to glow red. The third attack took place at around 12.00 noon on foot from the northwest. This time the Indians came closer to the wagon fort than ever before. However, since the attack was only coming from one direction, Powell gathered all his men on that side of the wagon train and again fired a constant, heavy and deadly fire in the direction of the attacking Indians. As a result, the third attack also failed and the Indians had to retreat safely. Reinforcements from Fort Phil Kearny arrived around 1 pm. Major Benjamin Smith began firing on the Indian positions with his mountain howitzers. The guns drove off about 500 Indians east of the wagon fort. Shortly after Major Smith's arrival, 4 lumberjacks and 14 soldiers came out of their dugouts outside the wagon fort and charged towards the wagon fort. The Indians now ceased their attack. The soldiers wasted no time and marched back towards Fort Phil Kearny, with soldiers scalping a few more Indians. Again the Indians collected their dead and wounded before leaving. The reason for the clear defeat in this battle, as in the Battle of Hayfield on August 1, was the new Springfield Model 66 rifles. With these new rifles, the cartridges were loaded from the rear. With up to 10 cartridges fired per minute, a much higher cadence could be achieved than with the old 'muzzle loaders'. With the old muzzle loaders, an average of two shots could be fired per minute. There were long pauses between shots. The US Army suffered 3 dead and 2 wounded in the wagon fort and 3 dead in the side camp. The losses of the Indians cannot be precisely quantified. However, the losses were high: 50 to 100 dead Indians and just as many wounded, many of whom died later. | Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Red Cloud Crazy Horse High Back-Bone Little Wolf |
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| Scene from Wagon Box Fight. Source: http://www.militaryphotos.net | |||
| 1867 | Fort Buford in western North Dakota was besieged by the Lakota for most of the year. | Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) | Red Cloud Crazy Horse Gall Sitting Bull |
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| Fort Buford, North Dakota. Source: Thomet Daniel 2009 | |||
| Begin of August 1872 | Northern Pacific Railway Expedition 1872 - Hunkpapa, Sans Arc, Miniconjou, Brule, Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho camped together in a large camp on the Powder River on the border between Montana and Wyoming. The camp contained about 2000 warriors. The chiefs discussed the two upcoming expeditions of the Northern Pacific Railway and how the tribes should respond. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Arapaho | Sitting Bull Crazy Horse |
| 14 August 1872 | Baker's battle 1872 - Northern Pacific Railway Expedition 1872 - Major Eugene M. Baker's command was still camped on the Yellowstone River. Baker had no guards posted in the evening or at night, although there were many signs of the presence of Indians in the area. Lakota, Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho from the camp on the Powder River near the Wyoming border planned to attack the Crow Indians on the Yellowstone River. During the night, about 1000 warriors approached Stanley's camp on the other side of the Yellowstone River. But the chiefs decided against an attack. Nevertheless, impatient young warriors crossed the Yellowstone River on the night of August 14 and sneaked into the soldiers' camp. In an attempt to steal weapons, one of the warriors was shot at 3 o'clock in the morning. Thus began the battle. The warriors were quickly pushed back by the soldiers and the battle was soon over. Two Indians, one soldier and one civilian were killed. After the battle, Baker refused to move his camp. The Northern Pacific Railway engineers had to move further and further away from the soldiers' camp each day. Finally, they agreed to return to Fort Ellis. After the battle, most of the warriors left Sitting Bull to go buffalo hunting for the rest of the summer. This left Sitting Bull with only 200 warriors to fight Colonel Stanley's column approaching from the east. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Arapaho | Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Spotted Eagle Black Moon |
| 14 August 1872 | Baker's battle 1872 - Northern Pacific Railway Expedition 1872 - Major Eugene M. Baker's command was still camped on the Yellowstone River. Baker had no sentries posted in the evening or at night, although there were many signs of the presence of Indians in the area. Lakota, Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho from the camp on the Powder River near the Wyoming border planned to attack the Crow Indians on the Yellowstone River. During the night, about 1000 warriors approached Stanley's camp on the other side of the Yellowstone River. But the chiefs decided against an attack. Nevertheless, impatient young warriors crossed the Yellowstone River on the night of August 14 and sneaked into the soldiers' camp. In an attempt to steal weapons, one of the warriors was shot at 3 o'clock in the morning. Thus began the battle. The warriors were quickly pushed back by the soldiers and the fight was soon over. Two Indians, one soldier and one civilian were killed. After the battle, most of the warriors left Sitting Bull to go buffalo hunting for the rest of the summer. This left Sitting Bull with only 200 warriors to fight Colonel Stanley's column approaching from the east. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Arapaho | Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Spotted Eagle Black Moon |
| 14 August 1872 | Baker's battle 1872 - Northern Pacific Railway Expedition 1872 - Major Eugene M. Baker's command was still camped on the Yellowstone River. Baker had no guards posted in the evening or at night, although there were many signs of the presence of Indians in the area. Lakota, Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho from the camp on the Powder River near the Wyoming border planned to attack the Crow Indians on the Yellowstone River. During the night, about 1000 warriors approached Stanley's camp on the other side of the Yellowstone River. But the chiefs decided against an attack. Nevertheless, impatient young warriors crossed the Yellowstone River on the night of August 14 and entered the soldiers' camp. In an attempt to steal weapons, one of the warriors was shot at 3 o'clock in the morning. Thus began the battle. The warriors were quickly pushed back by the soldiers and the fight was soon over. Two Indians, one soldier and one civilian were killed. After the battle, most of the warriors left Sitting Bull to go buffalo hunting for the rest of the summer. This left Sitting Bull with only 200 warriors to fight Colonel Stanley's column approaching from the east. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Arapaho | Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Spotted Eagle Black Moon |
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| General view of the Battle of Baker in 1872. source: https://thelbha.proboards.com/thread/2885/baker-fight-8-14-1872. | |||
| 4 April 1874 | Yellowstone Wagon Road and Prospecting Expedition - The Boys', about 150 experienced frontiersmen, armed with repeating rifles and two cannons, march along the Yellowstone River and cross the still frozen river just above the mouth of the Bighorn River. The 'Boys' were in search of gold. About 32 miles south of the mouth of the Rosebud River, they were attacked by Hunkpapa and Miniconjou. A second time the Indians attacked at the headwaters of Reno Creek and a third time at Lodge Grass Creek. Each time the Hunkpapa suffered losses and had to leave the field after counterattacks. The last two battles were joined by the Oglala of Crazy Horse and the Miniconjou of Hump. The Indians suffered heavy losses and had many wounded, but were only able to kill one front man. The whites were even harder to fight than the soldiers, as they were better armed. Time and again, the 'boys' even tried to set traps for the Indians. For example, the front men once distributed (presumably) poisoned food on the prairie after a battle. The Indians found the food but did not touch it. At the Little Big Horn River, the frontiersmen built a kind of small bomb with a fuse, at the end of which was a detonator, which in turn was covered with nails and a steel ball. When an Oglala pulled the cord, the homemade bomb exploded. It didn't kill anyone, but it frightened the Indians deeply. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) | Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Hump Makes Room Flying By |
| Summer 1875 | Sitting Bull arranged a sun dance meeting with the Northern Cheyenne to win them as allies in the fight against the rising tide of the whites. The Northern Cheyenne had always fought and hunted with the Oglala and Miniconjou, but not with the Hunkpapa who lived further north. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Twin Crazy Horse Spotted Eagle Little Wolf White Bull |
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| Lakota sun dance. Source: http://lib.fit.edu/print.php?app=librarydisplays | |||
| August 1875 | Black Hills treaty 1876After the Sun Dance, Sitting Bull moved his large camp to the Tongue River, probably northwest of the present-day town of Sheridan. About 100 Indians from the agency and Frank Grouard arrived there with an invitation to come to the Red Cloud Agency in September to discuss the sale of the Black Hills. Crazy Horse refused to talk about it at all. Sitting Bull declared that he would never sell the Black Hills. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Sitting Bull Crazy Horse |
| September 1875 | At the invitation of the Allison Commission on behalf of the U.S. government, about 100 reservation Indians gathered a few miles east of Red Cloud Agency II in the area of present-day Crawford in northeast Nebraska to negotiate the sale of the Black Hills. Among them were Red Cloud and Spotted Tail. Both were willing to sell the Black Hills. At a meeting before the actual gathering, Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse decided not to accept the invitation. Nevertheless, 400 'Northern Indians' rode to Red Cloud's agency (Northern Indians were those Indians who still lived freely and not on reservations). On September 23, Little Big Man rode with warriors to Red Cloud Agency II and threatened to kill anyone who would sign the treaty. The commission proposed ceding the Black Hills to the whites for 1.75 million dollars. The Indians refused. Red Cloud made the following counter-proposal: the Black Hills were to be ceded on condition that the government supported the Sioux for 7 generations. Around 10,000 Indians were present at the negotiations, of which only around 400 were Northern Lakota. Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse and Gall were not present. The negotiations did not lead to an agreement. The Allison Commission returned to Washington in anger and recommended that a fair price be set for the Black Hills and that this be made to the Indians as a final offer. The increasing influx of settlers and prospectors into the Black Hills put pressure on the US government. According to the Treaty of Fort Laramie of 1868, the land belonged to the Indians and the US government had undertaken to protect the Indians from possible intruders. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Sitting Bull Red Cloud Long Horn Spotted Tail Little Big Man Crazy Horse |
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| Chief Little Big Man of the Oglala. Source: Thomet Daniel 2010. | |||
| 6 December 1875 | Bighorn Expedition March 1876 - The Indian agents were instructed by the US government to send dispatch riders to the tribes and deliver the government's ultimatum: By January 31, 1876, all Indians on the reservations were to report and surrender. After this date, all Indians still living freely outside the reservations were to be regarded as hostile Indians and fought against. Under the given circumstances, it was impossible to meet this deadline. The winter of 1875/1876 went down in history as the coldest winter for a long time, with temperatures between -30 and -40 degrees below zero. The news reached the Cheyenne River Reservation (Miniconjou-Lakota) on December 20 and the Standing Rock Reservation (Hunkpapa-Lakota) on December 22. The Hunkpapa wintered at the mouth of the Powder River, the Northern Cheyenne, Sans Arc and Miniconjou at the Tongue River. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Gall Crazy Horse |
| End of 1875 | Around 15,000 gold seekers lived in the Black Hills area. The US Army patrolled the Black Hills to drive the prospectors out of the area. However, the US Army performed this task more than half-heartedly. The prospectors were determined to defend their new home by any means necessary and were also very well armed. Little by little, small towns and cities emerged from the former tent camps. This included Deadwood in the southwest of South Dakota. Deadwood was built in 1876 during the gold boom and still looks like a town from the Wild West era today. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Sitting Bull Red Cloud Crazy Horse |
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| Deadwood in southwestern South Dakota in 1876 Source: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadwood_(South_Dakota) | |||
| 1 February 1876 | Reynolds Battle 1876 - The ultimatum passed without the Indians settling on the reservation. Only a small number of the Indians found their way onto the reservation. General Sherman's army was now ordered to drive the Indians onto the reservations. General George Crook was stationed in Omaha at the time, General Alfred Terry in St. Paul, Minnesota). General Sherman's plan called for the entry of three units into Lakota territory:. - From Fort Abraham Lincoln in eastern North Dakota, General Alfred Terry was to ride towards the Yellowstone River with 2,000 soldiers. He was to be accompanied by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer with his 7th Regiment. - Colonel Gibbon was to set off from Fort Ellis in Montana with 1,300 soldiers. He was to meet General Alfred Terry at the Yellowstone River. - From the south, General George Crook was to advance north from Fort Fetterman with about 1,000 soldiers. The army was supported by Crow and Shoshone scouts. However, the first concrete action was to come from General George W. Crook, who attacked a Northern Cheyenne village on the Powder River on March 17, 1876. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Gall Crazy Horse |
| 17 March 1876 | Reynolds Battle 1876 - Bighorn Expedition March 1876 - He Dog, the Oglala chief, led the Oglala and Northern Cheyenne north towards Crazy Horse's village. At the same time, Oglala and Northern Cheyenne scouts followed the tracks of the soldiers riding south. | Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Oglala (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Oglala (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Old Bear Box Elder He Dog Black Eagle Two Moons Wooden Leg Crazy Horse Little Wolf |
| 21 March 1876 | Bighorn Expedition March 1876 - The Northern Cheyenne and Oglala reached Crazy Horse's village. He Dog told Crazy Horse what had happened. Then the Oglala shared what little they had with the arriving Indians. It was decided in a council that they would defend themselves together against the US army. But they did not have enough food, weapons and ammunition. They decided to ride together to Sitting Bull's camp and join the Hunkpapa. Sitting Bull's camp was located on Spring Creek, a tributary of the Powder River, in the Chalk Buttes area. | Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Oglala (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Oglala (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Old Bear Box Elder He Dog Black Eagle Two Moons Wooden Leg Crazy Horse Little Wolf |
| 27 March 1876 | Bighorn Expedition March 1876 - After a few days' march, the Northern Cheyenne and Oglala, led by Crazy Horse and He Dog, reached Sitting Bull's village. Once again, the guests were given the warmest of welcomes. The Hunkpapa shared everything they had with their guests. After about two days, they also left this camp and set off together for the Tongue River. These meetings were a turning point in the 'Great Sioux War' of 1876. From now on, all groups and tribes were united and began to fight together against the US army. Old Bear (Northern Cheyenne) and He Dog (Oglala) also joined the fight, although both chiefs had previously decided to go to the reservation. Until they were ambushed by Reynolds' troops in their village on the Powder River on March 17, 1876. | Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Oglala (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Oglala (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Old Bear Box Elder He Dog Black Eagle Two Moons Wooden Leg Crazy Horse Sitting Bull Little Wolf |
| Begin of April 1876 | Battle of Powder River 1876 - Sitting Bull's camp with 100 Hunkpapa and Miniconjou tents was located in Montana between the Powder River and the Little Missouri River. On April 1, after the attack by General George Crook on March 17, the Oglala and Miniconjou reached Sitting Bull's camp after a march of about 100 km. They had previously arrived at Crazy Horse's camp on the Little Powder River, but his camp consisted of only about 30 tents and Crazy Horse could not accommodate the many people. Alerted by the nearby soldiers, the Oglala under Crazy Horse broke down their tents and moved north with the refugees to find Sitting Bull's camp. Sitting Bull's camp grew to about 235 tents with perhaps 500 warriors. The refugees were warmly welcomed by Sitting Bull. Tents were set up in a circle in the middle of the camp. As soon as the refugees were discovered, Sitting Bull had kettles of meat set up. Women dragged kettle after kettle until the new guests could eat no more. Many brought gifts such as horses, tents, cooking utensils, etc. Many of the refugees never forgot the generosity of the Hunkpapa that day for the rest of their lives. In the subsequent war council, it was unanimously decided to stay together and fight. At that time, the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne, who considered themselves free Indians and never went to an agency or reservation, numbered about 3,400 people, including perhaps 1,000 warriors. These Indians lived in about 500 tents. The largest group was the Hunkpapa with about 154 tents. They were followed by the Cheyenne with 100 tents, 70 tents of the Oglala, 55 tents of the Sans Arc and 55 tents of the Miniconjou. There were also some Brule and Blackfeet tents. This group of free Indians was joined by the Dakota under Inkpaduta. Some Yanktonai also joined Sitting Bull. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Two Moons Old Bear Inkpaduta Box Elder Black Eagle |
| Middle of April 1876 | The camp of the Indians under Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse grew to 360 tents. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Two Moons Old Bear Inkpaduta Box Elder Black Eagle |
| Middle of May 1876 | The camp of the Indians under Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse had grown to 431 tents. In addition, there were Northern Cheyenne, Hunkpapa, Blackfeet and 15 tents of the Dakota and Yanktonai. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Two Moons Old Bear Inkpaduta Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 4 June 1876 | The Indian camp under Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse had grown to 461 tents and comprised about 3,000 Indians, including about 800 warriors. The large Indian camp had crossed the Powder River and the Tongue River and marched to lower Rosebud Creek. The Indians simply followed the bison that were in the Yellowstone River area at the time. The Hunkpapa held a sun dance in the area of Deer Medicine Rock on Rosebud Creek (the site is about 2 miles north of Lame Deer on the left side of the road). During the Sun Dance, Sitting Bull had a vision: he saw many soldiers and horses invading an Indian village with their heads down. On the fourth day, the sun dance ended and the large camp moved on towards the Little Big Horn River. The long column of Indians was over half a mile wide and so long that the Hunkpapa, who formed the end of the column, only arrived when the Cheyenne ahead of them had already set up camp and eaten. This large camp could only stay in one place for 2 to 5 days, by which time all the grass in the area had been eaten by the horses and the firewood had been used up. At this point, the chiefs met and decided where to move the camp based on the movements of the bison. Up to this point, only a few Indians had arrived from the reservations. But they were due to arrive as soon as the grass was high enough. This year, the first green grasses were not visible until the last week of April and it was not until the end of May that conditions on the prairie would allow normal travel. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
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| The Deer Medicine Rocks can be seen on the right. The vision of Sitting Bull is engraved in the rocks. The vision of Crazy Horse's death is engraved in the rock formation on the left. Source: Thomet Daniel 2010. | |||
| 7 June 1876 | Crook's command was camped about three miles southeast of present-day Decker, Montana, at the confluence of Prairie Dog Creek and the Tongue River. The camp site itself was less than a mile from the Montana-Wyoming border in Wyoming. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 9 June 1876 | Crook's detachment was attacked at their campsite by Northern Cheyenne from the Rosebud camp, but the Indians were easily repulsed. Little Hawk attempted to drive the soldiers' horses away, but was quickly driven back by the soldiers' heavy rifle fire. Crook's soldiers reported as many as 900 Indians attacking the soldiers, while Little Hawk's force numbered less than a dozen warriors. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 12 June 1876 - 14 June 1876 | After the Sun Dance, the large Indian camp moved southward to the mouth of David Creek at Rosebud Creek, about 3 miles south of Busby, Montana. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Crazy Head Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 15 June 1876 | General George Crook's command was reinforced by 175 Crow warriors and 86 Shoshone warriors. The Crow and Shoshone served Crook as scouts. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Shoshone Crow Crow Crow Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Crazy Head Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Washakie Old Crow Medicine Crow Good Heart Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 16 June 1876 | General George Crook's command left the camp at Goose Creek at 6 a.m. and set off in search of the Indian village. Beforehand, the infantry soldiers received one day of riding training and were provided with horses. Crook wanted to speed up the progress of his army. All the wagons were left behind in the camp. Each soldier had a blanket, 100 rounds of ammunition and rations for four days. 6 miles north of the camp, Crook's army crossed the Tongue River and rode north along the Tongue River until noon. Then the army turned west toward Rosebud Creek. In the evening at 7 p.m. Crook's army camped near the source of the Rosebud River. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Shoshone Crow Crow Crow Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Crazy Head Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Washakie Old Crow Medicine Crow Good Heart Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 15 June 1876 | After June 14, the large Indian camp moved south along Davis Creek and then back northwest along Reno Creek to about where South Fork Reno Creek empties into Reno Creek. This was the center of the large camp. The camp extends from the center about 2 miles to the west and east. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Crazy Head Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 16 June 1876 | Little Hawk of the Northern Cheyenne rode at night with 4 warriors from the camp at Reno Creek over the Wolf Mountains to Rosebud Creek to steal horses. Arriving at Rosebud Creek, the 5 warriors killed a buffalo. While roasting the meat over a fire, they spotted the approaching soldiers and rode back to their camp at Reno Creek. The chiefs decided not to attack the soldiers. But during the night, around 500 Lakota and Cheyenne broke out of the camp at Reno Creek and rode towards the Rosebud River. Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse followed the young warriors on the morning of June 17. According to another version (see the book 'With Crook at the Rosenbud'), Crazy Hose ordered the older chiefs to stay in the village and look after the women, children and old people, while the majority of the warriors were to ride out to meet the soldiers and drive them away. Soon different groups rode out of the village on different routes and under different leaders to meet the soldiers. Gall and Crow King (Hunkpapa) were not yet in the big camp at this time. The Indians were armed with 1866 Winchester repeating rifles in 0.44 caliber, Spencer carbines, Henry repeating rifles, older Sharps rifles and older muzzleloaders. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Crazy Head Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 17 June 1876 | About 1,000 Lakota met about 1,000 soldiers in the morning, including 15 companies of cavalry (2nd and 3rd Cavalry Regiments) and 5 companies of infantry (4th and 9th Infantry Regiments), as well as 262 Crow and Shoshone scouts from General George Crook. In the afternoon, after 6 hours, the Indians gave up the fight, leaving 13 dead. Crazy Horse gave the total losses as 39 dead Indians and 63 wounded. Crook's losses amounted to 28 dead and 56 wounded. The scouts refused to advance any further into Sioux territory. Crook then retreated south to his camp on Goose Creek (in the area of present-day Sheridan, Wyoming) and from then on no longer took part in the summer campaign against the Sioux and Cheyenne. The Indians celebrated their success in the following days and gathered in their camp on the Little Big Horn River. Without the Crow and Shoshone scouts, Crook's soldiers would probably have been crushed at the first attempt; the scouts fought doggedly and selflessly for their chiefs. The camp on the Little Big Horn River received a massive influx of Indians from the reservations. The number of tents doubled in a short space of time. It is estimated that the camp grew by more than 4,000 Indians within 6 days. As always, the Hunkpapa were camped at the southern end, followed by the Oglala, the Miniconjou, the Sans Arc and the Two Kettle with some Arapaho. The Cheyenne were camped at the far north. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Oglala (Lakota) Shoshone Crow Crow Crow | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle Good Weasel Washakie Old Crow Medicine Crow Good Heart |
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| The Rosebud Battlefield as seen from General George Crook's headquarters. The soldiers were camped on Rosebud Creek in the background. Source: Thomet Daniel 2010. | |||
| 18 June 1876 | Crook's troops started the march back to Fort Fetterman ('Camp on the Goose Creek') in the early morning. Soldiers and scouts had already buried their dead in the vicinity of the camp the evening before after the battle. The retreating soldiers could see the Lakota and Cheyenne watching the soldiers' departure from a distance. However, the Indians no longer attacked the retreating soldiers. Shortly after leaving the camp, Crow scouts found a dead Laktoa warrior with a gunshot wound to the chest. The Crow scouts decapitated and scalped the man, cutting off his ears, fingers, nose and toes. Further mutilations were prevented when Captain John A. Satorius (a Swiss!) and some men put an end to the goings-on. After a march of about 22 miles, Crook probably camped at the source of a tributary of the Tongue River on the Montana-Wyoming border. That evening, the Crow scouts left Crook's camp with the promise to return in 15 days. | Crow Shoshone Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Crow Crow Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Oglala (Lakota) | Old Crow Washakie Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Medicine Crow Good Heart Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle Good Weasel |
| 21 June 1876 | Terry, Gibbon and Custer met on the Yellowstone River at the mouth of the Rosebud River. On the steamboat 'Far West', the 3 commanders discussed their mission. General Alfred Terry was in overall command. He ordered the operation as follows: Custer was to ride south along the Rosebud River and then west to the Little Bighorn River. Terry himself was to ride with Gibbon along the Yellowstone River to the mouth of the Bighorn River and then along the Bighorn River to the Little Bighorn River. The Indians were thought to be at the Little Bighorn. Custer also received 6 Crow scouts from Gibbon. The Crow knew the Little Big Horn area very well. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
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| The steamship 'Far West'. Source: http://westerntrips.blogspot.com/2011/04/steamboat-and-indian-war.html | |||
| 22 June 1876 | In the afternoon, Custer began the march south along the Rosebud River with his 7th Cavalry Regiment. After 12 miles, the first camp was set up. On June 24, Custer reached the Indian camp at Deer Medicine Rock, where the Hunkpapa had held a sun dance on June 4. Custer's Crow scouts became restless. They had probably never seen such a large camp of Indians. The Indians' tracks suddenly became wider and looked fresher. They were the tracks of the Indians who had come from the reservations to join the Indians on the Little Bighorn River. Custer's division followed the tracks. As expected, the tracks pointed west. Custer wanted to lead his command over the Wolf Mountains in a night march from June 24 to 25, take a rest and have his scouts search for the Indian village in the meantime. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder |
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| Deer Medicine Rocks. Source: Thomet Daniel 2010 | |||
| 23 June 1876 | Custer's 7th US Cavalry was camped in the valley of Rosebud Creek, north of present-day Lame Deer, north of Deer Medicine Rocks. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder |
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| Memorial plaque in the valley of Rosebud Creek, north of Lame Deer. Custer camped here on June 23, 1876 Source: Thomet Daniel 2010. | |||
| 24 June 1876 | Custer's division was located in the Wolf Mountains east of the Little Big Horn River. Arikara and Crow scouts discovered the Indian camp in the early evening and tried to show Custer from a hill where the camp was located. This point is known today as 'Crow's Nest'. The scouts saw plumes of smoke from the village and the pony herd, which consisted of about 20,000 animals. Custer himself saw nothing. But Custer saw several groups of Indians on the surrounding hills. This is probably why Custer was convinced that he had already been discovered. Custer therefore decided to attack the Indian camp immediately. At 9:25 in the evening, Custer informed his commanders of the scouts' reports. Die Crows White Man Runs Him, Curley, Hairy Moccasin und Goes Ahead dienten Custer als Späher. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Arikara Crow | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
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| View from Little Big Horn towards Crows Nest. Source: Thomet Daniel 2010. | |||
| 25 June 1876 | 13:15 (A) Reno rode as ordered about 2.5 miles towards the village of the Hunkpapa and Blackfeet and drove the Indians in front of him, who put up more and more resistance. He also noticed that the village was very large and still standing. Custer reckoned that the Indians would flee from his regiment and sent a dispatch rider to him. About 70 meters in front of the tents, Indians suddenly appeared from all sides, according to Reno's report '... the whole earth seemed to be full of Indians...'. He halted his attack on horseback and retreated on foot into a nearby copse. This retreat into the grove, or rather the disintegration of the mounted attack line, lasted about 20 minutes. During this phase, it was mainly the Hunkpapa and the Oglala, whose tepees were located at the southern end of the village, who fought. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Arikara Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Bloody Knife Black Eagle |
| 25 June 1876 | (B) Major Reno withdrew to a nearby grove as described. He was only able to hold this position for about 30 minutes due to an estimated 5:1 superiority, then Major Reno ordered a retreat from the grove. During the fight in this grove, the Arikara scout Bloody Knife was shot dead while sitting on his horse. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Arikara Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Bloody Knife Black Eagle |
| 25 June 1876 | 15:30 During this retreat across the river to what is now Reno Hill on the opposite side, 29 soldiers and 3 officers were killed and about 7 soldiers were wounded. On his way, Reno also had to cross the lines of the Indians, who were already surrounding him in the woods. In addition, the hills were very steep after crossing the Little Big Horn River on his retreat, so that many Indians approached and fought the soldiers. Reno was lucky: Reno and his men had barely crossed the Little Big Horn River when the Indians stopped pursuing the soldiers and returned to the village to fend off Custer's two companies, who were now trying to attack the large village. In this battle, the Indians lost about 11 warriors. In addition, 6 women and 4 children were killed in the first attack on the village. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 25 June 1876 | 16:10 Reno has reached Reno Hill and begins to dig in. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
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| Reno Hill - Reno's troops had to retreat through these ravines across the Little Big Horn River to Reno Hill. Source: Thomet Daniel 2009. | |||
| 25 June 1876 | 15:30 (B) Reno's retreat was observed by Captain Benteen. He was about 3 miles from the village at the time. In the meantime, Benteen had received a message from Custer that he had discovered a large village and that Benteen should hurry. In his message, Custer asked Benteen to also bring the pack train under Lt. McDougal ('PS: bring packs...'). Benteen believed at this point that the people disappearing into the hills were Indians that Reno was driving ahead of him. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 25 June 1876 | (C) Custer sent two of his five companies to Medicine Trail Ford on the Little Big Horn River to attack the camp. However, the two companies were attacked at the Little Big Horn River by numerous warriors and immediately repulsed. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 25 June 1876 | Meanwhile, Custer rode along Custer Ridge to the north end of the village, from where he planned to attack the village. 4:00 PM (D) Somewhere in the middle of Custer Ridge, Custer sent Company L under Lt. Calhoun back to the south end of Custer Ridge. There Indians appeared under Gall, who opened heavy fire on the soldiers from two positions. These were Indians who had been on Reno Hill shortly before and who, when they heard that soldiers had also been seen east of the village, immediately moved in that direction. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 25 June 1876 | 16:30 (D) Lieutenant Calhoun was shot at by Gall and his Lakota from the east ('Henryville') from a distance of 100 to 300 meters. More than 20 different types of Henry and Winchester repeating rifles were used here. A second position was located south of Calhoun at 'Greasy Grass Ridge', about 300 meters average distance to the soldiers. The firepower of the Indians must have been so strong due to the number of shell casings found in the positions that Calhoun's men were quickly decimated and subsequently overrun. The Indians then advanced on Captain Keogh and the South Skirmish Line. The soldiers were already involved in fierce battles at both points. Calhoun's men may also have run out of ammunition, only 50 rounds were carried on the man, and according to Gall's report the horses were driven off with the remaining ammunition. The few surviving soldiers on Calhoun Hill retreated to Captain Keogh. (D) The fighting at Calhoun Hill was very intense. It was here that the Indians suffered their greatest losses. In 1886, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the Battle of Little Big Horn, Gall spoke of 11 fallen Indians. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
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| The Hunkpapa chief 'Gall'. Source: http://digilander.libero.it/gipp1/scouts/lupi/indians/indians.htm. | |||
| 25 June 1876 | 16:30 (B) Captain Benteen reaches Reno Hill. Because of the Indian attacks on Major Reno, Benteen decided to stay with Reno, contrary to Custer's orders to bring him ammunition '(... bring packs'). Benteen could not bring ammunition to Custer because it was with Company B under the command of Captain McDougall. McDougall had about 24,000 rounds of ammunition with him. Company B was several miles behind Benteen at the time and did not reach Reno Hill until an hour later. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 25 June 1876 | 4:30 p.m. (E) Custer rode on over Custer Ridge with the remaining 4 companies and reached the upper end of the South Skirmish Line below Last Stand Hill. From here he sent Captain Miles Keogh with I Company toward Lt. Calhoun's position. Either Keogh was on his way to help Calhoun, or he was to cover Calhoun's retreat. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 25 June 1876 | 16:45 Keogh's men were attacked by the advancing Indians after they overran Calhoun's position. Keogh was probably also fired upon from Henryville and from a position about 200 yards northeast of Last Stand Hill. Keogh's men held their position to the last man. There is no evidence that surviving soldiers from Keogh retreated to Last Stand Hill to join Custer. 17:00 (D) With Keogh's men dead, the Indians in this area charged toward Last Stand Hill. Custer and his remaining 2 companies were now attacked from all sides. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
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| Captain Miles W. Keogh. | |||
| 25 June 1876 | 16:30 (G) Probably more and more Indians (Crazy Horse, Gall and Lame White Man) were now approaching from the village and from all sides. To counter this threat, Custer sent Companies E and F down Deep Ravine to the Little Big Horn River. He himself remained with the two remaining companies at the upper end of the South Skirmish Line, below Last Stand Hill. 4:45 PM (G) However, the soldiers of Companies E and F were stopped short of the river by fire from 3 positions east of Deep Ravine led by Lame White Man and offered little resistance here. Lame White Man attacked the soldiers and drove them back towards Last Stand Hill, with only a few soldiers, perhaps a quarter, reaching Last Stand Hill and joining Custer here. It was probably mainly the soldiers of Company F and the staff who were on Last Stand Hill. The Cheyenne were reinforced by Lakotas who, after overrunning Calhoun's position, advanced towards the South Skirmish Line. Lame White Man was killed in the attack and later accidentally scalped by Indians who mistook him for an Arikara scout. Shortly thereafter, Crazy Horse attacked the retreating soldiers from the west and from a position about 200 yards northeast of Last Stand Hill (where the National Cemetery and Visitor Center are located today) and attacked the soldiers on Last Stand Hill. From the position northeast of Last Stand Hill, Keogh's command was also fired upon. Lame White Man then advanced on Keogh's position and joined up with the Lakota who had previously overrun Calhoun's position. The number of Indians in this area must have been so great that the resistance of the soldiers was, as described, low (due to the few cartridge cases found for both the 1873 Springfield rifle and the Model 1873 Colt revolver). Recent archaeological investigations could indicate that the 'Last Stand' described did not exist in this form. It could also be that an attack by Crazy Horse caused the soldiers of the Last Stand to flee. Many of the soldiers could also have fought their last battle in the area of today's 'Custer Hill', about 300 meters from the 'Last Stand Hill'. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
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| Custer's last stand', where Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer fell. Source: http://blog.newspictures.com/ | |||
| 25 June 1876 | 17:15 (B) Lt. McDougal arrived at Reno Hill with the Pack Train. Major Reno now commanded 7 companies with about 380 men. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
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| Monument on the Reno hill. Source: Thomet Daniel 2009. | |||
| 25 June 1876 | 17:15 (H) From Reno's position, sounds of battle could be heard and clouds of smoke could be seen in the area where Custer had ridden (about 4 miles away). Captain Thomas Weir received orders from Benteen and Reno to ride ahead with one man from the staff to determine more accurately if Custer needed support and what the situation was. Lt. Edgerly with Company D followed him. 17:30 (H) Lt. Edgerly saw Indians riding up and down and firing into the ground. No doubt Edgerly saw the victorious Indians firing pistols and rifles into the bodies of the already dead soldiers. The two were spotted and Weir told Edgerly to join him. Benteen, Captain French and Lieutenant Godfrey joined them. After a short march, the Indians began firing at the soldiers. The dismounted soldiers returned fire for about 30 minutes. Then Reno ordered them to retreat. One soldier was killed during the retreat. 18:15 (B) The Indians pursued the soldiers to Reno's position and then opened fire for over an hour, until half an hour after daybreak. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 25 June 1876 | 17:00 (F) The last remaining soldiers gathered at Last Stand Hill and were attacked by Indians from the south (Lame White Man / Cheyenne), by Crazy Horse from the west and by Gall's Lakota (coming via Calhoun Hill and Keogh's positions). The battle here probably lasted less than 20 minutes. Knives and tomahawks were used in the final phase of the battle at Last Stand Hill. Many soldiers did not seem to have had time to reload their empty revolvers before the Indians were upon them. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 25 June 1876 | (B) The attacks subsided after 9 pm. The losses of Reno's command amounted to 18 dead and 46 wounded in these 3 hours. During the night, rifle positions were dug up, with the dead horses and crates of hard bread in front of the positions. A total of 53 soldiers lost their lives and 60 were wounded in the attack on the southern edge of the village and on Reno Hill. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 25 June 1876 | None of the 210 soldiers under Custer's direct command survived the Battle of Little Big Horn. A total of 276 US Army soldiers lost their lives. The Indians probably suffered around 100 dead warriors, including 6 women and 4 children, and well over 100 wounded. Many of the wounded later succumbed to their injuries. The number of warriors involved in the battle was between 1500 and 1800. The exact number of Indian casualties is difficult to quantify, but research and interviews with Indian veterans between 1876 and 1938 suggest the above figures. It is striking that the Cheyenne suffered the highest losses in relation to the number of their warriors. (F) According to the Indians, the skirmish lasted between 30 and 45 minutes after Custer was first seen on Custer Ridge. The leaders of the Indians were Gall (Hunkpapa), Lame White Man (Southern Cheyenne) and Crazy Horse (Oglala). Sitting Bull did not take part in the battle, but was present and gave instructions. He mainly stayed in the camp and looked after the women, children and old people. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 26 June 1876 | (B) After the battle with Custer, the Indians returned to Reno Hill at 02:30 at daybreak. Reno was able to hold the position with his approximately 360 men until the arrival of General Alfred Terry, losing 18 men and suffering 64 wounded. Unlike Custer, he had enough ammunition; the pack train had already arrived before him. The Indians were so numerous that they were able to completely surround Reno's hill and take it under constant fire. Under this pressure, Reno estimated the number of warriors at around 2500. Around 9:30 on the morning of June 26, the Indians' fire subsided and they prepared for a final attack in the area of Companies H and M. This time they came close enough to shoot arrows. This time the Indians came close enough to shoot arrows. One Indian even came close enough to hit one of the soldiers with a baton. Reno himself noted in his report the boldness and selflessness with which the Indians attacked. (B) From about 18:00 on June 25 until about 09:00 on June 26, the approximately 360 soldiers were without water. At around 10:00 Benteen formed an attack line and marched down the river to fill canisters with water. Some of the soldiers were hit. But by this time the Indians were already retreating towards the village, much to the astonishment of the soldiers. The soldiers did not know at the time that the Indians had already discovered the soldiers approaching from the north and had therefore decided to retreat. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 26 June 1876 | On the evening of June 26, between 6 and 7 p.m., the Sioux and Cheyenne left their camp at Little Big Horn and moved southwest along the Little Bighorn towards the Bighorn Mountains. To camouflage their retreat, the Indians set fire to the prairie grass. Black Elk mentioned in his book 'I Call My People' that the Indians traveled through the night to Wood Louse Creek and stayed there for about a month. From there they moved to Rosebud Creek and on to the Tongue River. From here the Indians began to split up into smaller groups, each of which moved on separately. According to Major Reno's report, the column was as long as that of the Army of the Potomac in the American Civil War! Scouts had long since discovered that General Alfred Terry was advancing from the north in the direction of Little Big Horn. Terry was due to arrive at Reno Hill at 10:30 a.m. on June 27. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 26 June 1876 Nicht erkannter Quellenhinweis | The 7th U.S. Cavalry was equipped with a Model 1873 Springfield carbine, a breech-loading rifle. Muzzle velocity 410 m/s. Copper cartridges were used at Little Bighorn, but occasionally jammed. After the Battle of Little Bighorn, they were replaced by brass cartridges. After each shot, the cartridge had to be reloaded individually by hand: Open the breech - insert the cartridge - close the breech. A maximum of 10 cartridges could be fired per minute. About 1/4 of the warriors still used single-shot rifles, including the older muzzle loaders. About 1/4 of the warriors (approx. 375 Indians) probably used more modern repeating rifles. The rest, i.e. about half of the Indians, were still armed with bows and arrows, spears and tomahawks. The Indians thus used about 750 rifles compared to about 210 repeating Winchester Model 1873 rifles of the 5 companies under Custer's direct command. The number and type of rifles used by the warriors documents their superiority over the soldiers in terms of firepower. The Winchester Springfield 1873 used by Custer's troops was a breech-loading rifle with a range of 2,500 meters and good accuracy. About 44 different types of cartridges were used by the Indians on the battlefield! Here a Winchester Model 1866, which fired Henry cartridges in .44 caliber. The magazine held 10-13 cartridges. This rifle was reloaded with a 'lever-action' bolt. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
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| Winchester Model 1866 Source: http://bulletin.accurateshooter.com/ | |||
| 26 June 1876 | One of the biggest problems for the chiefs of such a large Indian village with hundreds of tents and thousands of people was obtaining food. The Indians were therefore forced to follow the grazing and migration routes of the bison. This motive drove the large village further and further east to the Rosebud River and from there on to the Tongue River. The large village could not stay in one place for more than a few days, by which time the large number of ponies (around 22,000 in number) had eaten away the surrounding grass. So at the beginning of August, it was decided at Tongue River that the Indians should split up again and move on in different directions. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
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| Wild horses. Source: https://www.all-creatures.org/articles2/mdi-wild-horses-extinction.html | |||
| 27 June 1876 | Lt. James H. Bradley, commander of the scouts in General Alfred Terry's column, was the first to arrive on the battlefield at Little Big Horn on the morning of June 27. Bradley was two to three miles to the left of Terry's long column, scouting the terrain with his scouts. At this time, Major Reno and his command were still on Reno Hill. The first reports from the Crow scouts that Custer and his command had been routed were not believed by Reno's men. Around 10:30 a.m., General Alfred Terry rode into Reno Hill and Custer's death was now a certainty. In the area of today's 'Last Stand Hill', 206 dead soldiers were found. Custer's body was not found mutilated. Only a few of the dead soldiers were found mutilated, most were scalped and undressed. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 27 June 1876 | In the morning, the victorious Indians reached the area of Lodge Grass. The Indians camped here for a day. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 28 June 1876 | At noon, the Indians camped at Lodge Grass Creek at the foot of the Bighorn Mountains. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
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| Village of the Lakota. Source: https://www.posterazzi.com/birds-eye-view-of-a-large-lakota-camp-of-teepees-horses-and-wagons-probably-on-or-near-pine-ridge-indian-reservation-poster-print-by-john-c-h-grabill-item-varbll0587237929/ | |||
| 5 July 1876 | The Lakota and Cheyenne camped north of today's Bighorn National Forest in northern Wyoming. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
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| Bison in Custer State Park in South Dakota. Source: Thomet Daniel 2010 | |||
| 14 July 1876 | The Lakota and Cheyenne moved their camp east to the Tongue River, still within what is now the Bighorn National Forest, Wyoming. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
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| Tongue River, Montana. Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/montanatom1950/52083521153 | |||
| Middle of July 1876 | The Lakota and Cheyenne were camped on the Powder River, near the large Indian encampment established after Reynolds' attack on the Northern Cheyenne camp on March 17, 1876 (possibly in the Moorehead, Montana area). The Indians camped here for four days. The chiefs decided that the large Indian camp should split up from here. Each tribe went its own way. Some went north, east, west or southeast to the Great Sioux Reservation to surrender. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| End of July 1876 | With 200 warriors, Crazy Horse, Gall and Flying By drove a herd of Assiniboine horses to flight at Wolf Point Agency in northern Montana. | Oglala (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Assiniboine | Crazy Horse Gall Flying By |
| 29 July 1876 | Crazy Horse, Gall and Flying By crossed the Yellowstone River with their horses at the mouth of the Powder River. This place was a supply base for General Terry during the summer campaign against the Lakota and Cheyenne. Here the Indians found sacks of grain and oats, which they took with them. Suddenly the steamboat 'Carroll' appeared. On board were soldiers of the 22nd U.S. Infantry under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Elwell S. Otis. Otis pursued the Indians ashore. | Oglala (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) | Crazy Horse Gall Flying By |
| 1 August 1876 | The large Indian camp was now located on the Powder River, about 20 miles south of the mouth of the Yellowstone River. After a few days it was decided to break up the camp. There was too little game and buffalo for so many Indians. Sitting Bull moved with most of the Hunkpapa into the Killdeer Mountains. Crazy Horse moved into the Black Hills with another large group. The Northern Cheyenne under Two Moons joined Crazy Horse, the rest returned to the reservations and agencies. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Wahpekute-Santee (Eastern Dakota) Blackfoot (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Yanktonai (Western Dakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Sitting Bull Black Moon Crazy Horse Big Road Lame Deer Fast Bull Hump Two Moons Lame White Man Dirty Moccasins Old Bear Inkpaduta Kill Eagle Spotted Eagle Box Elder Black Eagle |
| 2 August 1876 | The Oglala met again at General Terry's former supply base at the mouth of the Powder River into the Yellowstone River. Again the Oglala were transporting sacks of grain and oats when the steamer 'Far West' appeared. The soldiers fired a 12-pounder cannon at the Oglala, who were forced to retreat. | Oglala (Lakota) | Crazy Horse |
| 3 August 1876 | The large Indian camp on the Powder River began to disband. Some returned to the reservations. Another part moved north to the Canadian border. The majority moved east and later crossed the Little Missouri River. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Crazy Horse |
| Begin ofs September 1876 | The Oglala and Northern Cheyenne camped at the headwaters of the South Fork Grand River in northwestern South Dakota. The village consisted of around 300 tents. | Oglala (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) | Crazy Horse |
| Begin ofs September 1876 | Miniconjou, Sans Arc and Hunkpapa camped on the North Fork of the Grand River in southern North Dakota. The village consisted of about 400 tents. | Miniconjou (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) | Crazy Horse |
| 8 September 1876 | Crooks Horse Meat March 1876 - Captain Anson Mills happened to come across a village of Miniconjou Indians with 37 tents near Slim Buttes that evening. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Black Moon Sitting Bull Spotted Eagle American Horse Four Horns No Neck Crazy Horse |
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| Historical site of the Slim Buttes. Source: Thomet Daniel 2010. | |||
| 9 September 1876 | Crooks Horse Meat March 1876 - Mills attacked the Miniconjou camp at dawn with 150 soldiers (in the area of the town of Reva in South Dakota, on what was then Rabbit Creek, now the Moreau River). The Indians took up a slightly elevated defensive position south of the camp and were reinforced by Indians from the surrounding villages. The Miniconjous village was burned to the ground. American Horse and about 10 Lakota died in the attack. Around 2 p.m., General George Crook arrived with about 2,000 soldiers. In the evening, General George Crook and his tired soldiers, who had been chased for hundreds of miles, retreated towards the Black Hills. Here General George Crook hoped to replenish his scarce food supplies. At around 6 p.m., Crazy Horse appeared on the surrounding hills with 300 warriors and attacked. With these few warriors, however, Crazy Horse could do nothing against the 2000 soldiers. The onset of darkness ended the attack. The burning of the village strengthened the Lakota's resolve not to surrender, despite the increasing scarcity of food (bison). Many Lakota had already decided to move to the agency before the attack. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Black Moon Sitting Bull Spotted Eagle Four Horns American Horse No Neck Crazy Horse |
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| Historical site of the Slim Buttes. Source: Thomet Daniel 2010. | |||
| 10 September 1876 | Crooks Horse Meat March 1876 - Crook left 4 companies of infantry under the command of Colonel Eugene Carr to keep Crazy Horse at bay. Crook himself set off for Deadwood with his soldiers at 8 o'clock. No sooner had Crook left the village than the Lakota reappeared and attacked Carr's soldiers. Carr fought with the Lakota for hours and then joined Crook's soldiers. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Black Moon Sitting Bull Spotted Eagle Four Horns American Horse No Neck Crazy Horse |
| 12 September 1876 | Crooks Horse Meat March 1876 - Crook was camped on the banks of Owl Creek. It rained all night. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Black Moon Sitting Bull Spotted Eagle Four Horns American Horse No Neck Crazy Horse |
| 15 September 1876 | Crooks Horse Meat March 1876 - At noon on September 15, wagons with food arrived from Deadwood and Crook City. This marked the end of the 400-mile expedition. General Crook declared the expedition a victory in the fight against the Indians. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Black Moon Sitting Bull Spotted Eagle Four Horns American Horse No Neck Crazy Horse |
| 18 September 1876 | Crooks Horse Meat March 1876 - Crook passed through Crook City and camped in the area of Centennial Peak. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Black Moon Sitting Bull Spotted Eagle Four Horns American Horse No Neck Crazy Horse |
| 19 September 1876 | Crooks Horse Meat March 1876 - Crook kampierte am Box Elder Creek in den Black Hills. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Black Moon Sitting Bull Spotted Eagle Four Horns American Horse No Neck Crazy Horse |
| 21 September 1876 | Crooks Horse Meat March 1876 - Crook camped near the abandoned village of Custer City on French Creek. The troops stayed here for several weeks. From here, the 5th U.S. Cavalry marched to the Red Cloud Agency in Nebraska. Here the Oglala were disarmed by Red Cloud and the horses were also taken from the Oglala. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Black Moon Sitting Bull Spotted Eagle Four Horns American Horse No Neck Crazy Horse |
| Middle of September 1876 | After the Battle of Slim Buttes, the Oglala moved to the Tongue River under Crazy Horse. The Oglala spent the winter of 1876/1877 here. | Oglala (Lakota) | Crazy Horse |
| 15 November 1876 | Colonel Nelson A. Miles came to Fort Peck with his regiment. From here he set out in search of Sitting Bull and marched towards Big Dry Cree, where Sitting Bull's village was located. Sitting Bull noticed the approach of the soldiers and moved his village east to Red Water Creek, a tributary of the Missouri River. There he was reached by Crazy Horse's riders, who asked him for more ammunition and asked him to join them. However, Sitting Bull himself was looking for traders to buy ammunition. | Hunkpapa (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Sitting Bull Crazy Horse |
| November 1876 | The Oglala under Crazy Horse on the Tongue River receive the news that the Black Hills and all the land west of it have been sold. | Oglala (Lakota) | Crazy Horse |
| 6 December 1876 | The village of Crazy Horse and the Oglala, Sans Arc, Miniconjou and Northern Cheyenne under Ice and Two Moons was located on Beaver Creek, a tributary of the Tongue River, Montana. | Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Sans Arc (Lakota) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Oglala (Lakota) | Dull Knife Ice Two Moons Little Wolf Crazy Horse |
| Middle of December | Crazy Horse moved his camp to the area of the present-day village of Birney at the mouth of Hanging Woman Creek in the Tongue River. | Oglala (Lakota) | Crazy Horse |
| 16 December 1876 | 5 Indians from the villages of Miniconjous and Sans Arc rode to Colonel Nelson A. Miles' camp to discuss the terms of surrender. Near the camp, 5 Oglala were shot by Crows! This meant that the supporters of war against the US army were once again in the majority. The village of Miniconjou and Sans Arc joined Crazy Horse's camp. | Crow Miniconjou (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) | Crazy Horse |
| 20 December 1876 | Along the Hanging Woman Creek there were 4 villages of the Oglala (Crazy Horse), Northern Cheyenne (Dull Knife, Little Wolf), Miniconjou (Lame Deer) and Sans Arc with about 800 tents. | Oglala (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Sans Arc (Lakota) | Crazy Horse Dull Knife Little Wolf Lame Deer Two Moons |
| 8 January 1877 | Battle of the Butte 1877 - Colonel Nelson A. Miles with 7 companies and 436 soldiers met Crazy Horse with about 500 warriors at Hanging Woman Creek on the Tongue River in southern Montana. Crazy Horse attacked Miles several times, but was repulsed by artillery and heavy rifle fire. A snowstorm ended the battle, which claimed only a few casualties on both sides. After the battle, Crazy Horse moved his camp into the mountains to the Prairie Dog Cree, where the Tongue River left the Bighorn Mountains. Sitting Bull found this camp on January 15. This battle with the US Army was to be Crazy Horse's last. In May 1877, Crazy Horse was forced to surrender at Fort Robinson in Nebraska. The chiefs in Crazy Horse's camp debated fiercely whether they should surrender or not. The Miniconjou and Sans Arc (except Spotted Eagle) were in favor, the Hunkpapa, Oglala and Cheyenne against. | Oglala (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Miniconjou (Lakota) Sans Arc (Lakota) | Crazy Horse Dull Knife Little Wolf Two Moons |
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| Here, near the small town of Birney in southeastern Montana, Crazy Horse was attacked by Colonel Nelson A. Miles in the winter of 1877. Source: Thomet Daniel 2010. | |||
| 15 January 1877 | Sitting Bull reached Crazy Horse's camp on the Dog Creek prairie, where the Tongue River comes out of the Bighorn Mountains. Sitting Bull still had a retinue of 100 tents with him. This camp also contained the surviving Cheyenne who had fled after Colonel Mackenzie's attack. The Miniconjou and Sans Arc were ready to surrender, unlike the Oglala, Hunkpapa and Cheyenne. | Oglala (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) Cheyenne Miniconjou (Lakota) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Northern Cheyenne (Cheyenne) Sans Arc (Lakota) | Crazy Horse Little Big Man Black Shield Dull Knife Little Wolf Two Moons |
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| Chief Little Big Man of the Oglala. Source: Thomet Daniel 2010. | |||
| 15 January 1877 | Spotted Tail visited Crazy Horse in his camp and tried to persuade him to surrender. General George Crook had organized these delegations and sent them on their way. Spotted Tail told Crazy Horse that in the spring, as soon as the snow was gone, many soldiers with scouts from the Crow, Shoshone and even the Cheyenne would come to hunt him down. | Oglala (Lakota) Brule (Lakota) | Crazy Horse Spotted Tail |
| 6 May 1877 | Crazy Horse surrendered at Camp Robinson with 889 followers. Spotted Tail had previously made contact with Crazy Horse and apparently persuaded him to surrender. He surrendered with 12,000 ponies and 177 weapons. Crazy Horse and his men were assigned a place near Red Cloud's agency. | Oglala (Lakota) | Crazy Horse |
| Begin of September 1877 | Crazy Horse and his men broke camp at Red Cloud one night and moved to Spotted Tail (Spotted Tail was an uncle of Crazy Horse) at Fort Robinson. The Oglala all had to surrender their rifles and Crazy Horse feared that the Indians would be at the mercy of the soldiers at the slightest incident. | Brule (Lakota) Oglala (Lakota) | Spotted Tail Crazy Horse |
| 5 September 1877 | On the eve of Crazy Horse's planned return to Red Cloud's agency, he was murdered during his arrest at Fort Robinson. Instead of being taken to the commandant, Crazy Horse was taken to prison. He tried to cut his way to freedom with a knife, but was stabbed twice in the stomach with a bayonet by Corporal Wiliam Gentles. Little Big Man, his friend from earlier, held him from behind and tried to snatch the knife from him. Both Indian policemen belonged to the Oglala tribe. His parents placed their son's dead body in a wooden box and took it to the prairie to bury their son. Other sources tell of a veritable farewell tour that Crazy Horse's parents undertook with their son. They are said to have driven past up to 20 different places with the coffin so that people could say goodbye. To this day, no one knows exactly where Crazy Horse was buried. | Oglala (Lakota) | Crazy Horse |