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| Book cover | Autor | Title | Description |
| Bild | Autor | Leer | Beschreibung |
| Date | Event | Tribe | Chief |
About 1500  | At Ward's Point on Staten Island in the south of the peninsula, graves of the Lenni Lenape were laid out on the 'Burial Ridge' around 1500.   | Lenape | - |
| About 1500 | On Staten Island (New York), mounds were created from oyster shells around 1500. These mounds are called 'shell middens'. They were created by piling up the shells of eaten oysters. | Lenape | - |
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| Shell Mounds on Staten Island. Source: Daniel Thomet 2018. | |||
| 17 April 1524 | Giovanni Verrazano Expedition 1524 - Giovanni di Verrazano reached New York Bay, sailed through the Narrows and anchored for the night. There he encountered Delaware Indians (Lenape). At the time, the Lenape lived on Manhattan Island, Staten Island and the western end of Long Island. The Lenape mainly grew corn, which they planted and harvested in March. In addition to corn, kidney beans were planted in May. Pumpkins were also grown. The harvest took place in August. | Unami (Lenape) | - |
| July 1608 | John Smith Expedition 1608 - John Smith sailed up the Kuskarawaok River (Nanticoke River). Here he was the first European to meet the Nanticoke tribe. | Nanticoke (Lenape) | - |
| 1608 | The Nanticoke Indians lived on the Nanticoke River in Maryland. | Nanticoke (Lenape) | - |
| 1611 | The Dutch land on the island of Manhattan, which they buy from the Indians for a few axes and knives worth 60 guilders. Their settlement is called 'New Amsterdam'. By trading with the Dutch, the Iroquois obtain guns that the English had previously withheld from them. | Manhatta (Lenape) Iroquois | - |
| May 1624 | The Dutch West India Company sailed to Albany and Governor's Island (New York) with 30 families. On the site of the old Link104I (1618) near Albany, the Dutch settlers built Fort Orange (Fort Oranje). It served the Dutch West India Company as a trading post for the fur trade. A settlement was also established on Governor's Island, but this was abandoned within a year as the Dutch found more space and more reliable sources of water on Manhattan. Lenape Indians lived on Governor's Island at this time. | Lenape | - |
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| Fort Orange near Albany, New York. Source: Thomet Daniel. | |||
| 1625 | The Dutch left Governor's Island and built Fort Amsterdam in what is now southern Manhattan. Fort Amsterdam was the administrative seat of 'New Amsterdam'. The construction of Fort Amsterdam in 1625 marked the official founding of what is now the city of New York. Construction began in 1625 under the direction of Willem Verhulst, the second director of the colony of New Netherland. At this time, Lenape Indians were living on Manhattan. When the first Europeans arrived in 1620, there were an estimated 15,000 Lenape Indians living in around 80 villages in the area that is now New York City. In 1626, Peter Minuit, the third director of the New Netherland colony, bought the Manhattan peninsula from the Lenape Indians at a very favorable price. | Lenape | - |
| 1626 | Purchase of Manhattan 1626The Manhatta band of the Lenape (Delaware) Indians sold the island of Manhattan to the Rhinelander Peter Minuit for a ridiculous price (there are sources that say that the Canarsie band of the Lenape sold the island to Peter Minuit). Manhattan was called the Island of Drunkenness in Native American. Peter Minuit built New Amsterdam on Manhattan. In 1664, the English took New Amsterdam from the Dutch and renamed the settlement New York. | Manhatta (Lenape) Canarsie (Lenape) Delaware | - |
| 1636 | Before the Pequot War of 1637, the Munsee Indians lived on the Hudson River in the state of New York in the area that is now Tarrytown. | Munsee (Lenape) | - |
| 1643 | In 1643, 13 different Indian groups lived on Long Island. Various Lenape groups lived in the west of the peninsula and various Algonquin Indians in the east. The first Europeans reported that the Indians lived in round grass huts with a diameter of 3 to 7 meters. The Indians also helped the settlers by teaching them how to hunt, fish and grow corn, which enabled the settlers to survive in the new environment. The English generally treated the Indians fairly. Not so the Dutch, who repeatedly killed Indians. The problems with the Dutch and a smallpox epidemic in 1658 were the reason why the Indians gradually left Long Island. The last Canarsie Indian died around 1800. https://awalkthroughflushing.wordpress.com/2014/12/17/24/. http://blog.nmai.si.edu/main/2011/08/americas-first-urban-myth.html. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrick_(people). | Canarsie (Lenape) Rockaway Matinecock (Algonquin) Merrick (Algonquin) Massapequa Nissequoge Secatoag Seatauket Patchoag Corchaug (Algonquin) Shinnecock Manhaset Montauk (Algonquin) | Canarsie Rockaway Matinecock Merrick Massapequa Nissequoge Secatoag Seatauket Patchoag Corchaug Shinnecock Manhasset Montauk |
| 1670 - 1680 | The Iroquois attacked the tribes of the Illinois Confederacy, Peoria, Cahoika, Kaskaskia, Mitchigamia, Tamarona, Munsee, Kakankee, Mascouten, etc., leaving a wide trail of death and destruction in their wake. Even 100 years later, during the Pontiac Rebellion, this was still felt, so horrific were the losses of these tribes. | Iroquois Peoria (Illinois Confederation) Cahoika Kaskaskia (Illinois Confederation) Mitchigamia Tamarona Munsee (Lenape) Kakankee Mascouten | - |
1685 | The first settlers arrived in the vicinity of today's New Windsor on the Hudson River (approx. 70 miles north of Manhattan). The first settler was the Scotsman Patrick MacGregorie, who established a trading post at Kowawese. Munsee Indians (Lenape) lived in this area at the time. Kowawese means 'place of the small pines' in the Lenape language. | Munsee (Lenape) | - |
| 1730 | The Western Delaware founded the village of Kittanning on the Conemaugh River in western Pennsylvania. The village was to be destroyed by the English in 1756 during the French and Indian War. | Western Delaware (Lenape) | - |
| 10 July 1742 | The English succeeded in buying land west of the Susquehanna River from the Iroquois, which actually belonged to the Delaware (Lenape). Some of the Lenape had long since placed themselves under the protection of the Iroquois, who negotiated on their behalf. The Delaware (Lenape) had to move west and lost their land. Other tribes such as the Susquehannock, Naticocke, Conoy and Tuelo, like parts of the Lenape, had long since placed themselves under the dubious protection of the Iroquois. The Iroquois repeatedly acted as spokesmen for these tribes in land and treaty negotiations with the English and, as mentioned above, exploited this position. | Delaware Susquehannock Conoy Nanticoke (Lenape) Tuelo | - |
| 27 April 1763 | Pontiac hosted the second big council, about 10 km from Fort Detroit. This time the warriors also took part. The Ojibwe made up the largest contingent with around 3,000 people. In total, around 8,000 Indians took part in the second great council. At this council, he was able to win over around 18 tribes to his cause. | Ojibwe Ottawa Shawnee Delaware Miami Mississauga (Ojibwe) Potawatomi Wyandot Kickapoo Piankeshaw (Miami) Seneca (Iroquois) Peoria (Illinois Confederation) Munsee (Lenape) Sac and Fox Menominee Mascouten Dakota Osage Winnebago Cahoika Kaskaskia (Illinois Confederation) Nipissing (Ojibwe) Abenaki Mohawk (Iroquois) Calusa Tequesta Timucuan Apalachee (Lower Creek) | - |
| 8 March 1772 | Captain David Williamson came to Gnadenhutten with his militia and suspected the Indians of having attacked settlements in Pennsylvania. The militia then killed 98 Christian Indians. Only two Indians survived the massacre. | Munsee (Lenape) | - |
| October 1792 | The Shawnee hold a large conference at their headquarters where the Auglaize flows into the Maumee River. Delaware, Mingo, Munsee, Cherokee, Miami, Conoy, Nanticoke, Wyandot, Ottawa, Ojibwe, Potawatomie, Wea, Sauk and Fox, Mohican and Iroquois (from the New York area), Iroquois from Canada and Creek from the South attended. All the tribes pledged their support to the Shawnee in the fight against the USA. In practice, the Confederacy consisted of the Indian tribes that lived on and around the Maumee River, such as the Wyandot, Ottawa, Ojibwe and Potawatomie. Other tribes such as the Sauk and Fox were simply too far away. And the Seneca (Iroquois) lived too close to the whites in New York. Despite the efforts of the Shawnee in the fight against the USA, it was already too late. The new Confederacy was already too strong and the Indians could no longer stop the coming wave of settlement. | Shawnee Shawnee Shawnee Delaware Mingo Munsee (Lenape) Cherokee Miami Conoy Nanticoke (Lenape) Wyandot Ottawa Ojibwe Potawatomi Wea (Miami) Sac and Fox Mohawk (Iroquois) Iroquois Creek | Great Hawk Blue Jacket Blacksnake Buckongahelas Little Turtle Egushawa |
| 31 July 1793 | Treaty of Fort Harmar 1789About 15 representatives of the 'Western Indian' tribes attended a meeting at the Miami River Rapids in Ohio (now the Maumee River) with United States Commissioners. The commissioners presented the Indians with a declaration that the Indians should abide by the treaties of Fort Harmar in 1789. However, the Indians wanted the Ohio River as the boundary between the Indians and the United States. A treaty was not concluded and the Indians handed over the US commissioners' message to their chiefs. | Wyandot 7 Nations of Canada Delaware Shawnee Miami Ottawa Ojibwe Seneca (Iroquois) Potawatomi Munsee (Lenape) Nanticoke (Lenape) Mohican Mississauga (Ojibwe) Creek Cherokee | Bear Black Fish |
| 13 August 1793 | Treaty of Fort Harmar 1789The chiefs of the 'Western Indians' sent a letter to the US Commissioners. The Indians demanded the restoration of the boundaries of 1768, when they still owned the territory south of the Ohio River, with the Ohio River as the boundary between the Indians and the United States. The Indians made it clear that a meeting with the Commissioners would be pointless if the United States did not recognize the Indians' demands. | Wyandot 7 Nations of Canada Delaware Shawnee Miami Ottawa Ojibwe Seneca (Iroquois) Potawatomi Munsee (Lenape) Nanticoke (Lenape) Mohican Mississauga (Ojibwe) Creek Cherokee | Bear Black Fish |
| 16 August 1793 | Treaty of Fort Harmar 1789The three US commissioners sent a reply to the letter from the chiefs of the 'Western Indians' back to them. The US commissioners rejected the Indians' demand and declared the negotiations over. The result of these failed negotiations was, among other things, the Battle of Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794. | Wyandot 7 Nations of Canada Delaware Shawnee Miami Ottawa Ojibwe Seneca (Iroquois) Potawatomi Munsee (Lenape) Nanticoke (Lenape) Mohican Mississauga (Ojibwe) Creek Cherokee | Bear Black Fish |
| 4 July 1805 | Treaty of Fort Industry 1805In the Treaty of Fort Industry, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, Potawatomi, Wyandot, Munsee and Shawnee ceded territories in northern Ohio south of Lake Erie between Sandusky and Cleveland as far as the town of Marion to the United States. In return, the tribes were paid an annual sum of 1,000 US dollars at Fort Detroit. The Treaty of Fort Industry was a continuation of the Treaty of Greenville of 1795. | Ottawa Ojibwe Ojibwe Potawatomi Wyandot Wyandot Munsee (Lenape) Mekoche (Shawnee) Shawnee | Little Otter Little Bear Big Cloud Walk in the Water The Crane Black Hoof Blue Jacket |
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| Territories ceded in the Treaty of Greenville 1795 and Fort Industry 1805 (#53 and #54). Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Industry. | |||
| September 1810 | In Brownstown, a Wyandot village, about 2,000 warriors from the tribes of the old Confederacy gathered: Iroquois from New York and Upper Canada, Shawnee from Ohio, Wyandot, Delaware, Munsee and Tree Fires (Ottawa, Ojibwe, Potawatomi). These tribes now lived largely off of Governor Harrison's food supplies and remained neutral. Even tribes that disagreed with the Fort Wayne Treaty moved to Fort Wayne in October to collect their annual rations and money. But that October, for the first time, the Shawnee under Tecumseh, the Mississinewa (about 30 warriors) and part of the Eel River refused. | Iroquois Shawnee Wyandot Delaware Munsee (Lenape) Ottawa Ojibwe Potawatomi Mississinewa (Miami) Eel River (Miami) | - |
| Begin of July 1812 | Fort Malden was reinforced and extended. 3 ships were anchored on Lake Erie. Fort Malden was manned by 300 regular soldiers of the 41st Regiment, plus about 460 recruited militiamen. Among the Indians present were Canadian Wyandot under Roundhead, Splitlog and Warrow, Potawatomie under Main Poc and 30 Menominee under Robert Dickson, plus some Winnebago, Sioux, Munsee, Ojibwe and Ottawa. On July 4, they were joined by a large group of Sacs. The nearby Wyandot under Walk in the Water and the Shawnee under James Logan in the 3 villages of Brownstown, Blue Jacket and Maguaga wanted to remain neutral. Their villages were on the American side of the road connecting the Americans from north to south. Brigadier General William Hull's troops consisted of Tippecanoe veterans of the 4th Regiment under Lt. Col. James Miller, supported by 1,200 Ohio militia. | Wyandot Wyandot Wyandot Wyandot Shawnee Potawatomi Menominee Winnebago Sioux Munsee (Lenape) Ojibwe Ottawa | Roundhead Splitlog Warrow Walk in the Water James Logan Main Poc Robert Dickson |
| 15 August 1812 | The English guns began firing at Detroit from Spring Wells in the early evening. About 530 Indians landed with hundreds of canoes on the River Rouge, slightly below the English gun position. The naval guns of the 'Queen Charlotte' and the 'General Hunter' and the battery at Sandwich also began firing. General Brock had 800 soldiers with him (300 regular soldiers of the 41st Royal Newfoundland Regiment, 30 men of the Royal Artillery with 5 guns) as well as 70 Iroquois from Grand River and Munsee Indians. General Hull had 1060 soldiers and 300-400 militia from Michigan in the fort. However, about half of them fled as soon as the first English guns began to fire. | Kispoko (Shawnee) Wyandot Wyandot Wyandot Potawatomi Mohawk (Iroquois) Munsee (Lenape) | Tecumseh Splitlog Roundhead Walk in the Water Main Poc John Norton |
| 16 August 1812 | Brock's soldiers marched quietly on the road to Detroit in the morning, Tecumseh's Indians approached Detroit through the woods. Besides the fort on the river, Detroit consisted of 160 houses, but they were all evacuated and abandoned. Fort Detroit was roughly square with sides 100 yards long and a blockhouse or tower at each corner. In the early hours of the morning, the British artillery began firing again. At 10:00 a.m. the white flag was raised over Fort Detroit without the American artillery having fired a shot and without Tecumseh's Indians intervening. General Hull surrendered with 2188 men (582 regular soldiers and 1606 militiamen) and 39 cannons, including 9 24-pounders, 3000 rifles and muskets, including the new warship 'Adams'. Michigan (west of the Detroit River) thus fell to the British. The American fortifications on the River Raisin and at the Maumee Falls as well as a fortification on the Sandusky River were conquered and burned down. The American population initially reacted to the surrender with disbelief and bewilderment, but became increasingly angry as time went on. 2 years after the capture of Detroit, General Hull was court-martialed and sentenced to death. The sentence was later commuted to expulsion from the army due to his great service before the Anglo-American War of 1812. General Hull tried to rehabilitate himself, but was never able to do so. He died on November 29, 1825. | Kispoko (Shawnee) Wyandot Wyandot Wyandot Potawatomi Mohawk (Iroquois) Munsee (Lenape) | Tecumseh Splitlog Roundhead Walk in the Water Main Poc John Norton |