|
| Book cover | Autor | Title | Description |
| Bild | Autor | Leer | Beschreibung |
| Date | Event | Tribe | Chief |
27 June 1542  | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - In search of the Northwest Passage (the connection between the Pacific Ocean and Hudson Bay), Juan Cabrillo left Navidad in Mexico with three ships on behalf of the Viceroy of New Spain, Antonio de Mendoza, and sailed north along the Pacific coast.  | - | - |
 | |||
| Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo. Those: Wikipedia. | |||
| 28 September 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Juan Cabrillo discovered San Diego Bay, anchored at what is now Ballast Point and was the first European to set foot on Californian soil. | - | - |
 | |||
| Cabrillo's arrival in San Diego Bay in 1542. source: https://www.pbssocal.org/shows/california-coastal-trail/in-search-of-california-juan-rodriguez-Cabrillo-and-the-great-northern-mysterys-lure | |||
| 1 October 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Just west of today's Presidio Park in San Diego, Cabrillo came across the Kosaaay village of the Kumeyaay Indians. Cabrillo named the village San Miquel. The Indians were initially hostile to the Spaniards and wounded three Spaniards, but after the Spaniards made gifts to the Indians, a peaceful meeting with the Spaniards took place. The Indians communicated in sign language that bearded men with crossbows had been roaming the interior of the country before (!) and had killed many Indians. This was the reason for the hostility of the Indians towards the Spaniards. The Kumeyaay are a Yuman-speaking people and descend from the Hohokam. | Kumeyaay Hohokam | - |
| 1 October 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Just west of today's Presidio Park in San Diego, Cabrillo came across the Kosaaay village of the Kumeyaay Indians. Cabrillo named the village San Miquel. The Indians were initially hostile to the Spaniards and wounded three Spaniards, but after the Spaniards presented the Indians with gifts, a peaceful encounter with the Spaniards ensued. The Indians used sign language to tell them that bearded men with crossbows had roamed the interior before (!) and killed many Indians. This was the reason for the hostility of the Indians towards the Spaniards. The Kumeyaay are a Yuman-speaking people and descend from the Hohokam. | Kumeyaay Hohokam | - |
| 5 October 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - There were more than 28 Indian villages in the Los Angeles area when Cabrillo arrived in October 1542. The large village of 'Yang-na' (also called 'Yaanga') of the Tongva-Gabrielino was located in downtown Los Angeles. | Tongva-Gabrielino | - |
| 7 October 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Juan Cabrillo arrived on the island of Santa Catalina and was greeted by many armed Indians, who later behaved more peacefully. Cabrillo sailed on the very next day. | - | - |
 | |||
| Cabrillo's landing on the island of Santa Catalina in 1542 Source: Pinterest. | |||
| 8 October 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Cabrillo landed in what is now San Pedro Bay near Long Beach, in the south of Los Angeles. Cabrillo named the place 'Bay of Smokes' because of all the smoke that came from the deliberate fires of the Indians. The Californian Indians deliberately burned meadows and forests to ensure the growth of plants, seeds, roots and fruits for the following year. | Chumash | - |
| 9 October 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Cabrillo anchored overnight in Santa Monica Bay. | Cumash | - |
| 10 October 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Cabrillo anchored in the area of Malibu Lagoon State Beach, California. Cabrillo named the place 'El Pueblo de las Canoas' (City of Canoes) in honor of the large, intricately crafted Tomol ocean-going canoes built by the Chumash Indians. Here, too, the Indians told of bearded men armed with crossbows who used to roam the interior of the country. | Cumash | - |
| 11 October 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - When Cabrillo passed the small Chumash village near Point Hueineme, he called it 'Quelqueme' or 'Welweme', names that probably originated with the Chumash at Mugu Lagoon. The phonetic spelling of Wene'mu became Wyneme in 1869 and finally Hueineme in 1872. The name Hueineme or Wene'mu was translated as 'resting place' or possibly 'place halfway', derived from the Chumash habit of using this area as a center and resting place between Mugu Lagoon and the mouth of the Santa Clara River. | Cumash | - |
| 13 October 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - On October 13, Cabrillo arrived in what is now Santa Barbara and spent three days in the Chumash village of 'Syuxton' (also called 'Syujtun'), in the area of today's Burton Mound Historical Landmark on West Beach near Stearn Wharf. The head of the village was a woman. | Cumash | - |
| 15 October 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - First, Cabrillo sailed about ten leagues along the coast and then to Santa Cruz Island. Along the coast, Cabrillo observed many Chumash in their tomols (Chumash canoes). The Spanish called Santa Cruz Island 'San Luca'. | Chumash | - |
| Middle of October 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Cabrillo's fleet anchored for a few days in Cuyler Harbor in the northeast of San Miguel Island. | - | - |
 | |||
| Cuyler Harbor, San Miguel Island. Source: Wikipedia. | |||
| 18 October 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Cabrillo reached Point Galera, today's Point Conception. According to Juan Paez's diary, the entire coast between Malibu and Point Conception was densely populated with Chumash Indians. And the Spanish also noticed that the Chumash spoke many different dialects. | Chumash | - |
| 25 October 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Cabrillo left San Miguel Island and sailed north | Chumash | - |
| 11 November 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - On the night of November 11, the ships were caught in a heavy storm in the San Simeon area near Big Sur. The ships lost contact with each other. The 'San Salvador', captained by Cabrillo, sailed out to sea because of the storm. When the storm subsided, the 'San Salvador' returned to the coast and sailed further north. | - | - |
| 13 November 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo reached the San Francisco area. | - | - |
| 15 November 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo had to return to the mouth of the Russian River due to violent autumn storms. In the area of the Santa Cruz Islands, Cabrillo found the two other ships 'San Miguel' and 'Victoria' at anchor. At this time it was colder than at the beginning of the 21st century. From about 1300 to about 1850, cold and damp winds occurred at this time of year. This is why Cabrillo saw green savannahs (prairies) in the area of San Diego and Ensenada. The snow-covered coasts and the cold winds in Central California caused the crews of the ships to freeze to death and cost them almost their entire substance. From about 1850 until today, the savannas have given way to the type of vegetation we know today, a dry area with low deciduous trees without grass (chaparral). | - | - |
| 20 November 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Cabrillo sailed with the three ships to Monterey Bay and searched for the big river, which he did not find. He sailed along the Big Sur back to the Channel Islands. The steep and frozen cliffs of Big Sur were well suited for wintering. | - | - |
 | |||
| Monterey Bay, California. Source: Daniel Thomet 2015. | |||
| 23 November 1542 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Cabrillo reached the island of Santa Catalina. Cabrillo spent the winter there and repaired his ships. Historians do not agree on where exactly the ships spent the winter. | - | - |
| 3 January 1543 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Cabrillo's men were repeatedly attacked by Chumash warriors on Santa Catalina Island. The Chumash who lived on the islands were poorer and more aggressive than the Chumash on the mainland. During one of these attacks, Cabrillo tried to help his men and shattered his shin in the process. The wound became infected. Cabrillo died on January 3, 1543 and Bartolome Ferrer took command of the expedition and the three ships. | Chumash | - |
| 26 February 1543 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Bartolome Ferrer followed Cabrillo's wishes and continued the expedition. On February 26, the expedition reached Point Arena south of Fort Bragg. Strong winds drove the ships further north, although historians do not agree on how far. Eventually the winds shifted and the expedition was able to sail south again. | - | - |
| 5 March 1543 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Bartolome Ferrer reached the Channel Islands again, but was unable to anchor due to the strong winds. The ships were separated again. Each ship made its own way south. | - | - |
| 26 March 1543 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - On March 26, the three ships met again at the Cedros Islands west of Lower California. On the way, the Spaniards took six Indians on board with the intention of letting them learn Spanish and using them as translators on later missions. | Kumeyaay | - |
| 14 April 1543 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Almost ten months after the expedition began, Ferrer's ships arrived back in Navidad. Antonio de Mendoza, the Viceroy of New Spain, was disappointed with the expedition. The expedition had not achieved its objectives and the expedition leader was dead. | - | - |
 | |||
| One of the Cabrillo ships. Source: https://www.tripline.net/trip/Juan_Rodriguez_Cabrillo-5053405635541004814EA383F7733463 | |||
| 1901 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - Philip Jones found a stone with the inscription 'JR' on Santa Rosa Island. However, the significance of the stone was not recognized and the find was forgotten. | - | - |
| 1972 | Juan Cabrillo Expedition 1542-1543 - The stone found by Philip Jones attracted the attention of Robert Heizer. Various experts confirmed that the inscription 'JR' could mean the name Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo. It is possible that this is Cabrillo's gravestone. | - | - |