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| Book cover | Autor | Title | Description |
| Bild | Autor | Leer | Beschreibung |
| Date | Event | Tribe | Chief |
29 August 1813  | Lt. Col. Robert Carter Nicholas of the 1st U.S. Infantry and his troops built Fort Clark at the southwest end of Lake Peoria, Illinois.  | - | - |
| 19 September 1813 | British-American War 1812-1816 - - - About 400 Potawatomi warriors under Chief Black Cartridge attacked Fort Clark, but were repulsed. Black Hawk also took part in the attack as a young warrior. | Potawatomi Sac | Black Cartridge Black Hawk |
| 19. September 1813 - 21 October 1813 | This took place between the US Army and the Potawatomi and Kickapoo in what is now Peoria County, Illinois. Most of the Potawatomi and Kickapoo had joined Tecumseh's Confederacy. In August 1813, 150 soldiers from St. Louis began building Fort Clark in Peoria. The attack by the Potawatomie under Black Partridge was repulsed. Shortly afterwards, 800 Rogers Rangers arrived as reinforcements. The Americans then moved against the Potawatomi and destroyed 2 villages. In January 1814, Chief Black Partridge met with Governor William Clark in St. Louis. After the peace treaty, both tribes remained peaceful except for minor skirmishes. Some Kickapoo took part in the Black Hawk War in 1832. | Potawatomi Potawatomi Kickapoo Peoria (Illinois Confederation) | Black Patridge Chief Gomo |
| End of September 1813 | Governor and General Benjamin Howard led 1,300 mounted soldiers (regular soldiers and militia from Missouri and Illinois) from St. Louis to Peoria and destroyed the Indian villages there. The Miami and Kickapoo had already been attacked in their villages here in 1812. Howard immediately began building Fort Clark near Peoria. William Ashley also took part in the expedition with a company of mounted rangers. | Potawatomi | - |
| End of September 1813 | Immediately after the destruction of the Indian villages in Peoria, Governor Benjamin Howard began building Fort Clark on the prairie. The Sauk and Fox of Saukenuk feared an attack by the approximately 1400 American soldiers at Fort Clark and discussed what to do. Here, for the first time, a young warrior named Keokuk was allowed to address the council and pleaded vehemently for the defense of the village. After the Americans did not attack, Keokuk was hailed as a hero and elected war chief of the Sauk and Fox. This happened in the absence of Black Hawk, who was on his way back from Fort Stephenson to Rock River. | Sac and Fox Sac | Keokuk Black Hawk |
| 1831 | The American Fur Company built Fort Clark on the Missouri River in the south of today's Mercer County. The Mandan village of 'Mih-Tutta-Hang-kusch' was located in the immediate vicinity. Fort Clark was built by James Kipp and measured 120 feet by 160 feet. | Mandan | - |
| 18 June 1833 | Maximilian zu Wied Expedition 1832-1834 - The German Prince Maximilian zu Wied and the Swiss painter Karl Bodmer arrived at Fort Clark on the Missouri River in North Dakota on the steamboat 'Assiniboine'. Mandan and Hidatsa villages were located in the immediate vicinity of Fort Clark. The Crows with 70 tents under Chief Rotten Belly camped nearby as guests. Maximilian zu Wied and Bodmer visited the villages of the Mandan, Hidatsa and Crows. | Mandan Hidatsa River Crow (Crow) | Rotten Belly |
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| Fort Clark, North Dakota. Source: http://franceshunter.wordpress.com/2009/11/10/lewis-clark-road-trip-fort-clark-north-dakota/ | |||
| 8 November 1833 | Maximilian zu Wied Expedition 1832-1834 - Together with Toussaint Charbonnau, Bodmer and Prince Maximilian zu Wied arrived at Fort Clark in North Dakota. The new house built especially for the expedition in Fort Clark had not yet been completed. Bodmer and Maximilian zu Wied therefore lived in James Kipp's house until their own house was completed. | Mandan | Mato-Tope |
| 8 November 1833 | Maximilian zu Wied Expedition 1832-1834 - Bodmer often visited the nearby village of the Mandan Indians 'Mih-Tutta-Hangkusch'. There he always met with the chiefs Mato-Tope (The 4 Bears) and Dipauch (The Broken Arm). Most of the inhabitants had already left the village and were in a nearby winter camp. The village consisted of 60 mud houses. | Mandan Mandan | Mato-Tope Dipauch |
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| Map of the Mandan village 'Mih-Tutta-Hangkusch'. Source: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/37897/37897-h/37897-h.htm. | |||
| 13 November 1833 | Maximilian zu Wied Expedition 1832-1834 - In the Mandan village of 'Mih-Tutta-Hangkusch' on the upper Missouri, the Indians observed many shooting stars at night. According to Mandan belief, the shooting stars heralded the death of many people. Karl Bodmer documented this event in his diary. In 1837, the Mandan were almost completely wiped out by chickenpox. Only around 150 Mandan survived this epidemic. The surviving Mandan joined the Hidatsa. | Mandan Mandan | Mato-Tope Dipauch |
| Begin of February 1834 | Maximilian zu Wied Expedition 1832-1834 - Assiniboine warriors repeatedly stole the horses of the Hidatsa in winter. However, if the enemy warriors could be captured, they were usually killed, as in January 1834, after which a scalp dance was performed on the square of Fort Clark with the scalps of the two Assiniboine warriors who had been killed. | Hidatsa Assiniboine | - |
| End of February 1834 | Maximilian zu Wied Expedition 1832-1834 - At the end of February, when the sun was shining more strongly again, the Mandan returned to their summer villages. The stay in the winter camps lasted around 3.5 months. Temperatures in Fort Clark reached minus 60 degrees in the winter of 1833/1834! In winter there was often thin coffee with cornbread or cornbread with bean soup. | Mandan Hidatsa | - |
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| Village of Hidatsa 1833 Source: http://www.awesomestories.com. | |||
| End of February 1834 | Maximilian zu Wied Expedition 1832-1834 - Prince Maximilian zu Wied fell seriously ill. The black cook at Fort Clark had the idea of having wild garlic collected for the prince. James Kipp sent Indian children into the prairie to collect the wild garlic. The prince ate large quantities of it and recovered quickly. | - | - |
| 18 April 1834 | Maximilian zu Wied Expedition 1832-1834 - Karl Bodmer and Prince Maximilian zu Wied leave Fort Clark by ship and make their way back to St. Louis. | Mandan Hidatsa | Mato-Tope |
| 19 June 1837 | The American Fur Company's steamboat 'St. Peters' on the Missouri River brings smallpox to the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara. The steamer was unloaded, reloaded and left Fort Clark within 24 hours. The Mandan lived in 2 villages in the vicinity of Fort Clark with about 1,600 people. One of the two villages was called Mih-Tutta-Hangkush. Only about a hundred Mandan survived the epidemic. In 1845, the surviving Mandan joined the Hidatsa and founded the village 'Like a Fishook'. The Mandan chief Four Bears (Mato-Tope) died on July 30, 1837. According to George Catlin, Four Bears did not die of smallpox, but starved to death. His entire family had died of smallpox. About half of the Arikara and a third of the Pawnee died. | Mandan Hidatsa Pawnee Arikara | Four Bears |
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| Four bears (Mato-Tope), chief of the Mandan. Painted by Karl Bodmer in 1833. source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandan. | |||
| June 1837 | The Arikara were hit by the third smallpox epidemic. According to Francis A. Chardon (fur trader in Fort Clark), about half of the Arikara died in this epidemic. | Arikara | - |
| June 1837 | Francis A. Chardon noted in his diary that during the smallpox epidemic in the summer of 1837, the number of Mandan was reduced from 1800 to 23 men, 40 women and 60 to 70 children! Among the victims was Chief Four Bears. | Mandan | Four Bears |